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Read latest breaking news, updates, and headlines. Bignone's decision to restore limited rights of speech and right to assembly, including the right to strike, led to increased strike activity. To achieve this aim, the Ortiz administration $915. Heres what that means for Chinas economy. They are tied with Argentina for the most Beginning with the Truman administration and the creation of the National Security State in 1947, Cold War Liberalism became the dominant philosophy of the American intelligence establishment. She changed the style of the government making it more authoritarian, and more critical of the United States. To make things worse, on 12 May 1940, the Argentine proposal was leaked to the press, and was published nationwide by Argentine daily newspaper La Nacion, leading to much confusion in the country, and outrage among nationalist groups, who demanded Ortiz's resignation. He also supported the requests by human rights organizations to turn the former detention centers into memorials for the disappeared. His father, Nstor Carlos Kirchner, of German-Swiss descent, met the Chilean Mara Juana Ostoi, of Croatian descent, by telegraphy. Argentina: 2014 A special commando team from Argentina worked in conjunction with Somoza's OSN (Office of National Security) and its Argentine advisors with the objective of capturing exiled squadrons from the ERP and the Montoneros. $900. By the end of 1981, 150 Argentine military advisors were active in Honduras training members of the Honduran security forces and providing training to the Nicaraguan Contras based in Honduras. [55] These measures eased relations with the United States. $915. However, economists say that its overreliance on commodity exports and unsustainable government spending fueled frequent boom-bust cycles, resulting in political instability and economic decline in the decades that followed. Nonetheless, it remains a strong partner for the United States and a leading power in Latin America, even as its regional relations have become strained over its relationship with China and other issues. Gross and net issues. [73] Kirchner's policy helped to fragment the piqueteros, with some declaring their allegiance to him and others continuing to oppose him. For media inquiries on this topic, please reach out to. Although this community was heterogenous, including many German Jews, liberals, social democrats and other opponents of Nazism (Indeed, the main German-language newspaper in Argentina, was banned in Nazi Germany for its opposition to Hitler[67]), it also included supporters of Hitler and the Nazi Party, and Argentina hosted a strong, well-organized pro-Nazi element that was controlled by the German ambassador. Political historians attribute much of Perons appeal to the charisma of his second wife, Eva, known also as Evita, who advocated for greater labor rights and helped enact several reforms, including Argentinas womens suffrage law. In 1989, President Carlos Menem pardoned them during his first year in office, which was highly controversial. This comparison was included, for instance, in an official video by the ministry of social welfare. Additionally, analysts say there is significant economic potential in the development of renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, and related resources, such as lithium. Generally, it did not involve a rejection of democracy but rather an admiration of German military history, which combined with an intense Argentine nationalism influenced the main stance of the army towards the war: maintaining neutrality. Others. [158] The presidency of Mauricio Macri proposed a bill in 2016 to forbid any public places or institutions from being named after people unless they had died at least two decades before; if approved, all the state properties named after Kirchner would have to be renamed. Economy Minister Roberto Lavagna, credited with the economic recovery, was kept to ensure that Kirchner maintained the economic policies laid down during the previous administration. China and Argentina have become close trading partners in the past two decades, and in February 2022, Argentina officially signed on to Chinas Belt and Road Initiative. [104] As a result of his policies and approach, relations between the civilian authorities and the military remained tense throughout Kirchner's presidency. Rankings. CFRs Shannon K. ONeil spoke with former Argentine Foreign Minister Susana Mabel Malcorra at this February 2016 event. We are only Argentines and want, above all, the common good for Argentines. [59] There had been two previous trials after the Supreme Court struck down an amnesty the military dictatorship had granted its members; in the first the one accused committed suicide before a verdict was reached; in a 2009 trial twelve defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment. He met and married Cristina Fernndez at this time, returned with her to Ro Gallegos at graduation, and opened a law firm. The Argentine Great Depression was an economic depression in Argentina, which began in the third quarter of 1998 and lasted until the second quarter of 2002. Examples of debt crises include the Latin American debt crisis of the early 1980s, and Argentina's debt crisis in 2001. Pern, the strong man of the Argentine government, foresaw that the Allies would dominate international politics for decades and concluded that although Argentina had successfully resisted the pressure to force it to join the war, remaining neutral until the end of the war would force the country into isolationism at best or bring about a military attack from the soon to be victorious powers. By this time, however, Menem's public image had deteriorated, and polls showed Kirchner receiving 60 to 70 percent of the vote. In 1977 at a meeting of the Conference of American Armies (CAA) held in the Nicaraguan capital city of Managua, junta members General Roberto Viola and Admiral Emilio Massera secretly pledged unconditional support of Somoza regime in its fight against left-wing subversion and agreed to send advisors and material support to Nicaragua to assist President Somoza's National Guard. Argentina takes a hardline approach against creditors, which results in protracted negotiations. Amid widespread reports of intimidation, ballot stuffing and voter roll tampering (whereby, according to one observer, "democracy was extended to the hereafter"), Ortiz won the elections handily. The depression, which began after the Russian and Brazilian financial crises, caused widespread unemployment, riots, the fall of the A popularly elected president, who is both head of state and government, wields wide-ranging executive power, including as commander in chief of the armed forces. [89] Their dispute was fanned by the political weight of Buenos Aires province (the most populous in Argentina, with almost 40 percent of the national vote),[90] and continued through the 2005 midterm elections. With new weapons and logistical support, the scale of Contra attacks increased and the ranks of the Contras swelled as recruitment became more feasible. The case was first heard by judge Juan Jos Galeano and moved to judge Julin Ercolini, who acquitted him in 2005. [17] Kirchner founded the Ateneo Juan Domingo Pern organization, which supported deposed president Isabel Pern and promoted political dialogue with the military. In the 2014 Hotesur scandal, a company owned by Bez rented more than 1,100 rooms per month at Kirchner family hotels even when they were unoccupied. 10/27/2022 [60], Maureen Dunlop, born in Quilmes, left her Australian/English parents to join the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA). Ireland is one of the Juan Pern and Edelmiro Julin Farrell, hailing from the Ministry of War, fostered better relations between the state and the unions. [91] Cristina Kirchner won the election. The arguments in favor ranged from support for the Argentine military tradition (as the country had been neutral during both World War I and the War of the Pacific), to a rejection of foreign attempts to coerce Argentina into joining a war perceived as a conflict between foreign countries with no Argentine interests at stake, to outright Anglophobia. The system designed by Massa maintains all the basic features of current economic policy: Retention, industrial protectionism, the highest taxes in the world (even increasing existing taxes and creating new ones), unsustainable public spending, and a large budget deficit. The Uruguay national football team (Spanish: Seleccin de ftbol de Uruguay) represents Uruguay in international football, and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uruguay.The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste (The Sky Blue).. Uruguay has won the Copa Amrica 15 times. [11][12], Elected on 8 November 1931, Agustn P. Justo was supported by a newly created conservative party known as Concordancia, which was born as an alliance between the National Democratic Party, dissident sectors of the Radical Civic Union that had opposed Hiplito Yrigoyen, and the Independent Socialist Party. [20], On 13 December 1939, the Battle of the River Plate took place, becoming the first naval engagement of World War II between British and German ships. [71] Kirchner sought to win over the Argentine Workers' Central Union and leaders of more moderate piquetero factions to reduce the chances of strikes and protests. [18], Viola appointed Lorenzo Sigaut as Finance Minister, and it became clear that Sigaut were looking for ways to reverse some of the economic policies of Videla's minister Jos Alfredo Martnez de Hoz. An updated list of countries national debt as % of GDP. Nstor Carlos Kirchner (Spanish pronunciation: [nesto kalos kine]; 25 February 1950 27 October 2010) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, Governor of Santa Cruz Province from 1991 to 2003, Secretary General of UNASUR and the first gentleman during the first tenure of his wife, Cristina Fernndez de Rankings. [144], The TV program Periodismo para todos aired an investigation in 2013, detailing a case of embezzlement and an associated money trail involving the Kirchners and businessman Lzaro Bez. [26] He was elected to the Constituent Assembly which drafted the 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution proposed by the Peronist president Carlos Menem. The depression, which began after the Russian and Brazilian financial crises, caused widespread unemployment, riots, the fall of the [124], Kirchner was often labelled a left-wing and progressive president,[2][3] with the cultural critic Alejandro Kaufman stating that Kirchner was "an Argentine social democrat: a centre-left Peronist",[125] who had been elected on a "moderate-progressive" platform. This Wednesday morning, Juntos por el Cambio not only reached the quorum that the Frente de Todos (left) could not have reached on its own, but dozens of radical deputies voted in favor of the Kirchnerist project. Notably during this time, a plan was made by the Naval War College to invade the Falkland Islands, but was never put into operation. In 1935, former president Alvear was allowed to return from exile as part of a gentlemen's agreement with Justo, with Alvear promising there would be no more violent rebellions in exchange for Justo promising an end to fraudulent elections. Get information on latest national and international events & more. In Argentina it is often known simply as ltima junta militar ("last military junta"), ltima dictadura militar ("last military The main focus, however, will be on domestic borrowing to replace as much monetary issuance as possible. Still, diplomatic hostility against Argentina from the United States resurfaced after the unexpected death of Roosevelt, who was succeeded by Harry S. Truman. The conservative deputy Videla Dorna claimed that the real risk was a similar Communist invasion, and FORJA believed that a German invasion was only a potential risk, whereas British dominance of the Argentine economy was a reality. Fuelled by ideas, expertise and dedication across borders and beyond service lines, we create real estate solutions to prepare our clients for whats next. She was replaced on 24 March 1976 by a military junta led by Lieutenant General Jorge Rafael Videla. [26], The new government proceeded with both progressive and reactionary policies. According to secret documents from the Argentine military, the purpose of this aid was to strengthen inter-military relations between Argentina and El Salvador and "contribute to hardening [El Salvador's] position in the widening struggle against subversion, alongside other countries in the region. National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons, "Accueil | Sciences Po Violence de masse et Rsistance - Rseau de recherche", Argentine Tells of Dumping 'Dirty War' Captives Into Sea, Victims of 'death flights': Drugged, dumped by aircraft but not forgotten, "Jorge Rafael Videla | president of Argentina | Britannica", "Argentina - Military government, 196673 | Britannica", "Los anios de Martinez de Hoz por Juan Alemann", "Jos Alfredo Martinez de Hoz - Biografa", "Economists and Economic Policy: Argentina since 1958", "Chapter 5: "Industrial repression" and Operation Condor in Latin America", "Kissinger backed dirty war against left in Argentina", On 30th Anniversary of Argentine Coup: New Declassified Details on Repression and U.S. Support for Military Dictatorship, "Los secretos de la guerra sucia continental de la dictadura", Captulos desconocidos de los mercenarios chilenos en Honduras camino de Iraq, "Nicaragua: U.S. Support for the Contras". The President of Argentina and his ministers were appointed from military personnel while Pernists and leftists were persecuted. [30], After attaining power in 1976, the National Reorganization Process formed close ties with the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle in Nicaragua among other right-wing dictatorships in Latin America. As a result of pertussis, he developed strabismus at an early age; however, he refused medical treatment because he considered his eye part of his self-image. [25], Despite several treatments from Argentine ophthalmologists, and the kind gesture of support from President Roosevelt who sent one of the best ophthalmologists from the United States to provide treatment as well, Ortiz's health got progressively worse, until he finally lost his eyesight completely. [25] Santa Cruz received 535 million pesos in oil royalties in 1993, which Kirchner deposited in a foreign bank. [98][99] Jorge Julio Lpez, witness in a trial of police officer Miguel Etchecolatz, disappeared in 2006. He also cited Churchill when he stated that history would judge all nations for their role in the war, both belligerents and neutrals.[54]. Kirchner used the state-owned media to promote his activities. The party has many factions, and its populist politics have evolved over the decades, but it continues to generally favor greater economic interventionism and social welfare spending. As Argentina's new de facto president, Videla faced a collapsing economy racked by soaring inflation. [47], The government held diplomatic discussions with the United States, with Argentina requesting aircraft, fuel, ships and military hardware. Isabel Pern was unseated by a coup d'tat which installed a military government. October 25, 2022 [143] A new case involving both Kirchners was heard by judge Norberto Oyarbide, who acquitted them in 2010. Meanwhile, the Communist Party, also staunchly opposed to the government, initially followed a policy of courting the trade unions, and gave priority to supporting the international stance of the Soviet Union. Bez received 95 percent of the requests for tender in Santa Cruz province since 2003, more than four billion pesos,[145] and the scandal was known as the Route of the K-Money (Spanish: La ruta del dinero K). [22], The President of the Central Bank, Julio Gonzlez del Solar, undid many of these controls, transferring billions more in private foreign debt to the Central Bank, though he stopped short of reinstating the hated "1050. Jos Benjamin Abalos, who was Yrigoyen's former Minister, and Colonel Roberto Bosch were arrested during the uprising and the organizers and leaders of the party were imprisoned at Martn Garca. He was President of the Justicialist Party from 2008 to 2010. It is estimated to have caused the deaths of more than 60,000 people. Kirchner became the main opponent of del Val, who was impeached and removed from office in 1990 due to the inflation crisis. Instead of holding primary elections within the PJ, the 2003 elections used a variant of the Ley de Lemas. [19][22] When Kirchner took office, Santa Cruz was experiencing an economic crisis, with high unemployment and a budget deficit equal to 1.2 billion pesos,[23] which amounted to an equal number of U.S. dollars because of the Convertibility plan. [36] Only a handful of Peronist governors supported either candidate; most remained neutral, awaiting the election to forge a relationship with the victor. November 4, 2022 Central Government Debt. $900. On March 25, 2013, Federal Criminal Oral Court No. Argentina: 1982: Latin American debt crisis Argentina: 198889: Latin American debt crisis Argentina: 2001: Following years of instability, the Argentine economic crisis (19992002) came to a head, and a new government announced it could not meet its public debt obligations. billion. The subsidies eventually expanded to several uncommon areas. [70] The position of Argentina vis--vis the war generated disputes between them, with Castillo often prevailing. Alvear, together with his running mate Enrique Mosca campaigned across the country, vowing that "not even fraud could defeat them". There are two dominant and several emerging parties in Argentina. From Venezuela at over 300% of GDP to Hong Kong and Brunei at close to 0%. It was the largest party for nearly forty years until it lost its congressional majority in 2021, and it continues to draw support primarily from the working and lower classes. The United States Government Debt is estimated to have reached 137.20 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2021. [59], During World War II, 4,000 Argentines served with all three British armed services, even though Argentina was officially a neutral country during the war. [69] Unable to control inflation, the government influenced the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina, which under-reported it, as well as poverty (which was calculated with the inflation figures). The United States is also Argentinas largest foreign investor, with more than three hundred U.S. companies operating there. However, the election of Fernandez in 2019 heightened regional tensions. Kirchner was born on 25 February 1950, in Ro Gallegos, Santa Cruz, a federal territory at the time. [34][35], In addition to providing arms and training to Somoza's National Guard, the Argentine junta also executed a number of Condor operations on Nicaraguan soil during the late-1970s, benefitting from close rapport between Argentine secret services and the Nicaraguan regime. To enforce the observance of neutrality, on 14 September 1939, a second presidential decree was issued by Ortiz, creating a special commission integrated by representatives from each ministry, housed on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and chaired by a delegate from this ministry. [80] Kirchner told the United Nations that, although he opposed terrorism, he did not support the War on Terror. Beginning with the Truman administration and the creation of the National Security State in 1947, Cold War Liberalism became the dominant philosophy of the American intelligence establishment. [51][52], When Minister of Foreign Affairs Dominique de Villepin traveled to Chile in February 2004, he claimed that no cooperation between France and the military regimes had occurred. However, as Argentina posts large surpluses on the fiscal and current accounts after the default and large devaluation of the peso, access to foreign finance has become less urgent. At the 1932 Imperial Conference negotiations in Ottawa, bowing to pressure, mainly from Australia and South Africa, Britain had decided to severely curtail imports of Argentine beef. [43] Thus, Rawson became the shortest non-interim president in Argentine history. Following the election of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, the Argentine government sought arrangements for the Argentine military to organize and train the contras in Honduras in collaboration with the Honduran government and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. The day was a national holiday for the INDEC to run a national census, so he was at home in El Calafate. This aid was transported and distributed to the Contras by way of Argentina. Get up to the minute entertainment news, celebrity interviews, celeb videos, photos, movies, TV, music news and pop culture on ABCNews.com. [19][20] Julio de Vido and Carlos Zannini began working with Kirchner at this time. The new Economy Minister, Jorge Wehbe, a banking executive with previous experience in the post, reluctantly granted two large, mandatory wage increases in late 1982. When the Allies advanced into Frankfurt, Argentina finally formalized the negotiations. [140], The Kirchners' net worth, as reported to the AFIP revenue service, increased by 4,500 percent between 1995 and 2010. But the government of Castillo, through foreign minister Enrique Ruiz Guiazu, opposed the American proposal. [64] However, some argued that this economic growth can also be attributed to Kirchners policies to increase domestic demand. Fuelled by ideas, expertise and dedication across borders and beyond service lines, we create real estate solutions to prepare our clients for whats next. [14] Alfonsn won the 1983 presidential election, and Puricelli was elected governor of Santa Cruz. The popular Argentine leader, Juan Pern, three-time President of Argentina, was a colonel in the army who first came to political power in the aftermath of a 1943 military coup. Homage to the National Football Teams at the Museum of the BCRA, 10/14/2022 International relations. [14], He eliminated all price controls and the exchange controls regime. U.S. Immigration Has Become an Elaborate Bait and Switch, As Global Recession Looms, a Perilous Moment for Central Banks, Driven by Fed Rate Hikes, Dollar Surges on CFR Mini Mac Index, undone many of his predecessors policies, defaulted on its sovereign debt nine times, engaged with the United States on several fronts, invoke the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance. Kirchner sided with Buenos Aires provincial governor Eduardo Duhalde against President Carlos Menem. [69] In 2000, President Fernando de la Ra issued a formal state apology for Argentina's role in aiding the escape of Nazi fugitives.[73]. The largest default occurred in December 2001, when the government reneged on nearly $93 billion in loans, causing Argentina to lose access to international debt markets. National Painting Award Sponsored by the Central Bank of Argentina; Foreign Exchange Market, Debt and Build-Up of Foreign Assets 2015-2019; Reconquista 266 C1003ABF CABA Argentina +54 11 4348-3500; www.bcra.gob.ar; Legal Disclaimer; Sitemap; Subscription and Administration of Alerts; Jurisdiction (from Latin juris 'law' + dictio 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice.In federations like the United States, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels.. A developing economy like Argentina has a track record of default on debt, therefore markets are less willing to lend money to the government. Peronism, a populist movement established by President Juan Peron in the 1940s, remains the dominant political ideology in Argentina, but several parties with varying philosophies now vie for power. Members of leftist groups demonstrate against the International Monetary Fund on the eve of a $730 million installment due to repay Argentinas debt in Buenos Aires on Jan. 27. [48] The United States took further measures to increase pressure on Argentina. with Christopher J. Dodd, John E. Sununu and Amy Walter To avoid a humiliating defeat, Menem pulled out of the runoff in a move criticized by the other candidates. Alberto Fernndez, who organized his political campaign, was appointed chief of the cabinet of ministers. [135], Kirchner had a disregard for bilateral relations whenever these interfered with his domestic policies. Successive administrations have struggled to keep the countrys finances in check during periods of economic turmoil. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and the World Trade Organization. Monthly Monetary Report, September 2022, 10/06/2022 [150] His death was a surprise for the Argentine population, to whom he had always represented his heart problems as not very serious. Members of the National Reorganization Process were prosecuted in the Trial of the Juntas in 1985, receiving sentences ranging from life imprisonment to court-martials for mishandling the Falklands War. By 2010, 92% of the Argentine defaulted debt has been restructured. exposing the United States to the kind of economic crisis that overtook profligate borrowers in the past like Greece or Argentina. Initially, it was arranged that Agustn Pedro Justo would run for president for a second time, but after his unexpected death in 1943 Castillo was forced to seek another candidate, finally settling on Robustiano Patrn Costas. The military in Argentina sent agents of the Batalln de Inteligencia 601 and the SIDE to Nicaragua in 1978 with the aim of apprehending and eliminating Argentine guerrillas fighting within the ranks of the Sandinistas. The Argentine debt restructuring is a process of debt restructuring by Argentina that began on January 14, 2005, and allowed it to resume payment on 76% of the US$82 billion in sovereign bonds that defaulted in 2001 at the depth of the worst economic crisis in the nation's history. A second debt restructuring in 2010 brought the percentage of bonds under some form of Oscar R. Cardoso, Richardo Kirschbaum, Eduardo van der Kooy, General Directorate of Military Industries (DGFM), "Financiation de venta de material belico a las Republica de El Salvador," secret memorandum from General Augusto J.B. Alemanzor to the Commander in Chief of the Army, General Leopoldo F. Faltieri, January 18, 1982. [43] Striking an "anti-establishment image",[44] Kirchner set about creating "a sense of political renewal" in Argentina, despite the fact that many of his government associates came from the traditional political class. [114] The hostages were freed a year later during Operation Jaque, a covert operation by the Colombian military. [19], He appointed conservative economist and publisher Roberto Alemann as Economy Minister. Trying to prevent a third term for Menem, Duhalde approached Santa Fe governor Carlos Reutemann and Crdoba governor Jos Manuel de la Sota; Reutemann declined, and De la Sota did not run because he was insufficiently popular. Ral Alfonsn, who was running for president for the Radical Civic Union (UCR), denounced an agreement between the military and the Peronist unions which sought an amnesty for the military. Media observers suspected that Kirchner stepped down as president to circumvent the term limit, swapping roles with his wife. But some declarations of support to Britain and his ties with pro-allied factions suggest that had he become president he would have declared war. This, however, fails to acknowledge the constant requests to declare war from Anglophile factions. 1 of La Plata rendered decision on a public trial for crimes committed during the civilian-military dictatorship in Argentina (19761983) in the network of clandestine detention, torture and extermination centers ("clandestine centers") known as the "Camps Circuit". Main Aggregates. In April 1940, Foreign Affairs Minister Cantilo made a visit to United States ambassador Normal Armour, presenting the Argentine proposal for the United States, Argentina and other Latin American states to join the war together as non-belligerent parties. [73] Their usual system of protest (blocking streets) made them highly unpopular. [41], Kirchner took office as president of Argentina on 25 May 2003. [58] The facts being prosecuted involves attacks against "subversive elements", which does not appear, on first sight, to be a "substantial" part of the group defined by nationality, by sheer numerical representation. Renewing America, Climate Change and Regional Instability in the Horn of Africa, Report [30] Though only a handful of military leaders were actually supporters of Adolf Hitler, and pro-Axis positions in the minority, their true influence inside the army remains difficult to ascertain, as their advocates generally disguised themselves and adopted the arguments of the neutralist camp.[3]. When Rodrguez Sa also resigned, Duhalde was appointed president. Nevertheless, he also saw the situation as a chance for the United States to have a greater influence over Argentina than Britain. North Korea Has Escalated Its Military Provocations. [68] Public services such as public transportation, electricity, gas and water supply were subsidized and kept at low prices. A second debt restructuring in 2010 brought the percentage of bonds under some form of Private debts rising stars; Fundraising; Senior Debt; NPL; Real Estate Debt; Infrastructure Debt; News & Analysis. 'S' 2." Giscard d'Estaing et Messmer pourraient tre entendus sur l'aide aux dictatures sud-amricaines", "N 1295 Rapport de M. Roland Blum sur la proposition de rsolution de M. Nol MAMRE et plusieurs de ses collgues tendant la cration d'une commission d'enqute sur le rle de la France dans le soutien aux rgimes militaires d'Amrique latine entre 1973 et 1984 (1060)", "Argentine: M. de Villepin dfend les firmes franaises", "La alianza entre la Junta argentina y la URSS", "Americas | Argentine amnesty laws scrapped", "Genocide on Trial: Case Note and Extracts of "Circuito Camps" Judgment", starMedia: Trial for crimes against humanity in Argentina reaching its close, 7 July 2015, "Ex-Ford Argentina executives convicted in torture case; victims may sue in U.S.", brigadier-general in the Argentine Air Force, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights report on Argentina, "Breaking the silence: the Catholic Church in Argentina and the 'dirty war'", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Reorganization_Process&oldid=1117513998, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 October 2022, at 04:01. 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