ethiopian civil war timeline
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ethiopian civil war timeline
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ethiopian civil war timeline
Independent analysts say the fighting is threatening the unity of Ethiopia, Africa's second-most populous nation. But Abiy's reforms also upend the country's long-established power dynamics. There are few details of what exactly happening in the negotiations or what is on the agenda. [217], Photos of a looted factory, alleged to be the Almeda Textile Factory located in Adwa's outskirts, were published on Twitter, with Eritrean forces being accused of looting and destroying it. On October 17, amid reports of heavy bombing in Shire and other Tigrayan cities, and food supplies running out in the regional capital Mekelle triggering fears of famine, UN Secretary-General Antnio Guterres stated that the situation in the Tigray region was spiraling out of control, and that the violence had reached alarming levels.. [35], On 8 November 2020, as the Ethiopian military's offensive in the northern Tigray region entered its fifth day, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed announced the replacement of several high-ranking officials within his government. Starting with the targeted assassinations of political and military leaders including Se'are Mekonnen (Chief of the General Staff), Gizae Aberra (Aide-de-camp to the Chief of the General Staff), and Ambachew Mekonnen (Chief Administrator of the Amhara Region). They stayed 12 days in the house, eating the 30 goats, and only after that the bodies of the spouses could be buried. Despite promises to heal ethnic divides and pave the way for a peaceful, democratic transition, Abiy has increasingly invoked the playbook of repressive regimes: Shutting down internet and telephone services, arresting journalists and suppressing critics. ", "Al-Shabab Faces Pushback in Ethiopia's Somali Region", "Puzzles deepen in the context of Shabaab's attempted Ethiopian invasion", "Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Thousands reported killed in clashes", "After battlefield reversals, what next for Ethiopia's Tigray war? His decision doesn't sit well with the TPLF party, whichaccusesAbiy of unconstitutionally extending his government's term. [183][184], On Wednesday, the Sudanese army stated that some of its officers were attacked by the Ethiopian forces and militias, while on a security patrol on the border region within the Sudanese territory. VideoLooking for clues in video of forgotten massacre, The agony of not knowing, as Mariupol mass burial sites grow. An Amharic-speaking stranger answered and said he was dead. In August, the devastating conflict in northern Ethiopia resumed, effectively ending the March 2022 humanitarian truce between the Ethiopian federal government and Tigrayan forces, which many hoped would pave the way for a negotiated cease-fire and peace talks. It's believed that Eritrean soldiers have fought alongside the Ethiopian army since civil war broke out in Tigray in 2020. Other soldiers said that the attackers were Amhara and were trying to stop the Sudanese Army from deploying in areas where Ethiopian farmers planted crops. [210], In an interview with Voice of America, Tigray Region's newly appointed interim health bureau chief Fasika Amdesellaise, who had also been working at the Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekelle when the federal forces captured it, admitted casualties had occurred during battle for Mekelle. A reporter of the Agence France-Presse news agency visited the western Tigray town of Humera, that had been heavily shelled, including from the Eritrean side where it was evident that most of the inhabitants had fled. Ethiopia s federal troops for almost a week have been battling troops loyal to the Tigray regional government, raising fears of civil war in Africa's second most populous country Fears are growing that Ethiopia's conflict in its northern Tigray region could escalate. Many of those who took up arms came from a mainly Tigrayan neighbourhood called Samre. [64], Benishangul-Gumuz is home to several different ethnicities including the Gumuz, Berta, Shinasha, Mao, Komo and Fadashi. [127] While Abiy claimed that during midnight, TPLF leaders had fled to the west of Mekelle, in an area between Hagere Selam and Abiy Addi, adding federal troops didn't attack since the TPLF leaders had their family and abducted soldiers with them. While some townspeople gave refuge to neighbours belonging to the other ethnic group, others joined the killing, they said. [46], Meles' government committed electoral fraud for over three consecutive cycles since 2000, and was considered an authoritarian regime by international observers. Villagers massacred in western Ethiopia, says state-appointed body. Others were freed. The town, which lies northwest of Mekele, is a popular tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Ethiopias government has severely restricted access to journalists, and a state-enforced communications blackout concealed events in the region, making it challenging to gauge the extent of the crisis or verify survivors accounts. [196], In Western Tigray, VRT journalist Stijn Vercruysse reported deserted homesteads and seeing bodies on the roads. [101], The Humera massacres in 2020 that killed around 92 people of Tigrayan origin was attributed to Fano and ENDF. [51], In 2014, the federal government under the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), redrew the boundary between the two regions of Afar Region and the Somali Region. [55], The ENDF claimed in late November to have gained control of Humera on 12 November. READ MORE: Behind closed doors, his advisers and military generals debated the merits of a conflict. [219], The deputy chief of staff of the Sudanese Army, Khaled Abdin al-Shami, told Anadolu Agency that they had recaptured a border area in the al-Fashqa region, two decades after they lost it. The League of Nations in 1935 reported that after the invasion of Menelik's forces into non-Abyssinian lands of Somalis, Harari, Oromo, Sidama, Shanqella etc., the inhabitants were enslaved and heavily taxed by the gebbar system[clarification needed] leading to depopulation. Bodies were taken by tractor to the Abune Aregawi Ethiopian Orthodox Church, where the two communities worshipped together, a few blocks from the main Hawelty Square. But now, the militiamen told her, they wanted the last Tigrayans out. 1993 - Eritrea becomes independent following Leaders of both groups briefly kept an option open for peace talks brokered by the EU. Meanwhile, Dimtsi Weyane also accused the ENDF of killing 21 people in shelling on Gijet. READ MORE:Almost entire population in Ethiopia's Tigray needs emergency food aid. Ethiopias civil war in the Tigray region has left more than nine million people in a humanitarian crisis. 50 09 January 2021", "Situation Report EEPA HORN No. [66][67] According to an EHRC report, some of the TPLF fighters were dressed in civilian clothes, shooting from homes, and 31 civilians died, including one which had been beheaded. "There is no space called western Tigray, because this area is part of Amhara region," the regional government's spokesman, Gizachew Muluneh, said. [155] The convoy was accused of going through two military checkpoints and were trying to pass through a third near Sheraro when they were reportedly shot at. "They did not allow us to take any of our belongings, not even a pot," Aberu Kires, a Tigrayan farmer from Mai Kadra, told Reuters at a refugee camp in Sudan in December. Students among tens killed in Guinea bus crash, Tanzania: Death toll rises from passenger plane crash, Crisis averted as DRC, Rwanda double-down on peace talks, Top diplomats of DRC, Rwanda meet in Angola as M23 rebels hold key town, Show people, places and other topics in this story. 31 20 December", "One of Top Leaders of TPLF Keria Ibrahim Surrenders", "Ethiopia's PM savours victory, Tigrayan leader says war not finished", "UN, Ethiopia sign deal for aid access to embattled Tigray", "UN finally given access to refugees in Ethiopia-Tigray conflict", "UN, Ethiopia Sign Deal for Aid Access to Embattled Tigray", "From Shelled Ethiopian City, Doctors Tally Deaths and Plead for Help", "Abiy says Ethiopia's federal forces have not killed civilians in Tigray", "Aid coming to north Ethiopia, refugees recount war suffering", UN official accuses Eritrean forces of deliberately starving Tigray, "Ethiopia sees war ending, EU complains of partisan aid access", "Insecurity holds up aid to Ethiopia's Tigray region, aid workers say", "Protests Break Out in Captured Ethiopian City, says Tigrayan Leader | Voice of America", "Fighting flares in Ethiopia's Tigray as army says closing in on rebellious force", "Ethiopia claims to have killed or captured Tigrayan leaders", "Ethiopia scorns guerrilla war fears, U.N. team shot at in Tigray", "Ethiopia's Abiy denies 'insurgency' emerging in Tigray", "Ethiopian PM Abiy denies the TPLF is fighting a guerrilla war in Tigray", "Ethiopia Scorns Guerrilla War Fears, U.N. [86][87] According to the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission, the officers were associated with the attack that was carried out on 4 November, by forces of the Tigray People's Liberation Front, on the Ethiopian army's Northern Command. Bayesh and Agerie, the Amhara widows, still live in Mai Kadra. Yabsira, the Amhara-appointed administrator, didn't answer specific questions about these accounts, but rejected reports that Amhara forces attacked Tigrayan civilians. [1][2] After being sidelined by Abiy, TPLF leaders retreated to their home region in northern Ethiopia. [50][51], Government-allied militias beat and killed seven children of one family in Shiglil (Western Tigray) between 4 and 10 November 2020. Goshu arrived in the town of Humera in late November. READ MORE: The UN has repeatedly issued warnings about de facto humanitarian aid blockades, barring critical food and assistance to Tigray. The government counters it is cracking down on a TPLF "criminal clique.". When Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019, he was lauded as a regional peacemaker. Timeline by Djordje Djukic, with additional reporting by Evan Centanni Rebel Advance on Addis Ababa - and Subsequent Retreat In the five months since our previous report on 44 3 January 2021", "Sudan deploys troops in two additional border areas with Ethiopia", "Agency Resumes Humanitarian Assistance to Eritrean Refugees in Tigray Region", VRT NWS als eerste in noorden van Tigray in Ethiopi: "Geweld houdt aan, er zijn zeker veel burgers gedood", Situation Report EEPA HORN No. [171], On 14 December civil servants within the region were expected to go back to work and those who did not were deemed to have voluntarily resigned. Behind closed doors, his advisers and military generals debated the merits of a conflict. Geberie urged his brother to go with him to hide. "On the metal gate of the house they wrote, 'This is an Amhara house.' Elsewhere in the town, Tigrayan mobs armed with knives and machetes were going door to door in Amhara neighbourhoods, pulling out the men to kill them, dozens of Amhara witnesses said. They had been rounded up at the town police station, loaded onto trucks by Amhara forces and driven to the river. It is due to report in around three months. 1889 - Addis Ababa becomes Ethiopia's capital. The two missiles reportedly caused large explosions and one of them landed near an airport. The camp was captured by troops fighting for the Ethiopian government on 21 November. Amhara troops and Fano rounded up other Tigrayans and detained them in a makeshift prison, located in a commercial building with a central courtyard on the south side of Mai Kadra, according to four Tigrayan residents, including three who said they were held there. 2005 April - First section of Axum obelisk, looted by Italy in 1937, is returned to Ethiopia from Rome. At around 4 pm, Kassaye arrived with some 30 men at the home of Abiyu Tsegaye, an Amhara, a couple of streets from Hawelty Square, said Abiyu's widow, Agerie Mogessie. [225] The Dutch charitable organisation ZOA said on the same day that an aid worker employed by them was killed in Hitsats camp, without detailing the cause or the worker's identity. No formal charges have been brought. In less than two decades, the TPLF evolves into the most powerful armed April But Addis Ababa said mediation was a long way off and denied suggestions it had targeted civilian locations. Initial reports by human rights groups gave partial accounts of the violence. Other regions in Ethiopia's fractious federation are watching the government's response carefully, mindful of simmering violence on their own disputed borders. Read about our approach to external linking. Civil war, ethnic tensions, and broken promises: The ongoing power struggle between Ethiopian government forces and Tigrayan leaders has deep roots. It was also reported that Egypt attempted to persuade Sudan to assist the TPLF, forcing a weakened Abiy to yield to concessions over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Six other towns in the region also had mobile voice call services restored. 1962 - Haile Selassie annexes Eritrea, which becomes an Ethiopian province. In defiance, they create their own electoral commission and hold separate regional elections. As sporadic violence continues in the north, a wave of refugees fleesto neighboring Sudan. He also accused Sudanese troops of carrying out attacks on the border since November, looting crops of Ethiopian farmers, vandalising their camps, made harvesting crops difficult, while killing and wounding civilians. [224] The TPLF also claimed to have shot down a gunship of the ENDF. [158] The UN spokesperson Stphane Dujarric called the incident "alarming" and stated that the UN was "engaging at the highest level with the federal government to express our concerns and avoid any such incidents in the future. Ethiopia's northern Tigray region erupted in violence nearly 14 months ago with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed sending troops to Subscribe to our Youtube channel for all latest in-depth, on the ground reporting from around the world. [204], Getachew Reda said on Twitter that the Ethiopian government's forces were being pushed back in Medebay Zana, while having lost hundreds of soldiers in Naeder Adet and Asgede Tsimbla. The militia let Biniam go, telling him to leave the country. Refugees told the outlet that Fano militias and the ENDF were stopping them from coming through main border posts, forcing them to take more dangerous paths to Sudan, like through Eritrea. Mediators have also warned that forces fighting on the ground could easily disrupt the pact. READ MORE: He is later sentenced to death. 2d ago. [208] Laetitia Bader, the Human Rights Watch director for Horn of Africa region, described in an interview about witnesses from western Tigray telling them of heavy shelling or gunfire in the initial period of the conflict, particularly in Humera. [96], Mekelle University officials said that an airstrike had inflicted significant damage to the university in the capital of Tigray. Following the 2018 dissolution of the ethnic federalist, dominant party political coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, there was an increase in tensions within the country, with newly resurgent regional and ethnically based factions carrying out armed attacks on military and civilians in multiple conflicts throughout Ethiopia. Amdesellaise said he himself saw 22 corpses and 40 injured people, however they were able to help them since electricity was still on. In normal times, tractors rattled up Mai Kadra's main street, and farmworkers' children played outside sun-baked homes. A couple of Tigrayan friends whispered to him: Something big was about to happen. Tigray official warns of starvation threats from anti-farming 'campaign'. In 2018, Ethiopia's ruling coalition(EPRDF), which includes TPLF among four other parties, elected Abiy Ahmed as its new chairman, filling the gap that had been left when Hailemariam Desalegn of the SEPDM announced his resignation. But Ethiopia remains a one-party state, and a growinggeneration of youth feels increasingly excluded and disillusioned by the apparent domination of Tigrayan politicians. In Adigrat, 16 civilians were killed while trying to stop Eritrean and ENDF soldiers from robbing the Addis Pharmaceutical Factory. Reuters reporters saw fleets of minibuses packed with household goods and mattresses strapped to the roofs travelling from Amhara into western Tigray. [65], 31 civilians were killed in the village of Bisober in southern Tigray in a three-day fight starting 14 November between TPLF and ENDF troops. [38], Emperor Menelik II, King of Shewa, who was of mixed Amhara, Oromo, and Gurage ancestry, through his multi-ethnic Neftenya aristocratic class seized territory in 1889 that are presently known as the Oromia, Sidama and Somali Regions. The Eritrean media stated that rockets landed near Asmara as well as surrounding towns. The OLA denied responsibility saying that the attack was carried out by an OLA splinter group led by Faqadaa Abdiisaa. The filings, based on witness statements, were drafted by prosecutors in April as part of a preliminary investigation into the killings. Italy recognises Ethiopia's independence but retains control over Eritrea. He said his cousins and uncle are buried in the churchyard. The government added that the attack on Bahir Dar airport failed, as the target was missed. 2006 November - Ethiopian troops enter Somalia to oust al-Shabab Islamists controlling large parts of the country. Bayesh never saw her husband alive again. [67][68][35] In the Metekel massacre in December 2020, about 200[35] mostly Amharas, Oromos, and Shinashas were killed by a suspected Gumuz militia. He said that they could retake other areas that belonged to them, if they wanted, and accused Ethiopia of wilfully violating their shared border. [6], On 6 November 2020, Abiy disclosed that his administration had launched an airstrike against the forces of the fortified Tigray region in several locations. [50] By 2020, relations between the Abiy government and the now-ousted TPLF had deteriorated significantly, culminating in the start of the Tigray War in November of that year. 1964 EthiopianSomali Border War; 19771978 Ogaden War; 1982 August Border Clash; 19982000 cross-border warfare during the chaotic warlord-led era. [197], There have been reports of ritual books and other artifacts from remote monasteries in Tigray being looted and taken to Eritrea. Ethiopias civil war between the federal army and the rebellious Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) is dragging the country into chaos. Eight billion humans: overpopulation or overconsumption? The Gumuz have had tensions with agricultural Amhara, Oromos, Tigrayans and Agaw migrants, who in Metekel Zone constitute minority ethnic groups with some Amhara groups calling for Metekel to be incorporated into Amhara. [139][140] An aid worker told Reuters that clashes were still taking place to the south, north and west of Mekelle. He also accused another party of encouraging Sudan to take Ethiopia's territory. Tadie, the couple's neighbour, said he saw Dejen fall to the ground but didn't know what happened after that. READ MORE: Since the beginning of the siege, food, medicine and other basic services have been weaponised, Tedros said. And it was never our intention.". Team Shot at in Tigray", "Tigray unrest: Ethiopia issues arrest warrants for police collaborators", "Ethiopian forces fire at UN team as aid groups seek Tigray access", "Ethiopia's forces shoot at, detain UN staffers in Tigray", "Ethiopia government admits forces shot at UN team trying to access refugee camp in Tigray", "Ethiopian forces opened fire on UN workers, government spokesperson admits", "Ethiopia says U.N. team shot at in Tigray after defying checkpoints", "Ethiopia rejects independent probes into Tigray conflict", "UN Chief Seeks Immediate Aid Access for Ethiopia's Tigray", "Exclusive: U.S. says reports of Eritrean troops in Ethiopia's Tigray are 'credible', "Tigray conflict: First aid convoy reaches capital of Ethiopian region hit by fighting", "First NGO aid gets to Ethiopia's Tigray, businesses to re-open", "First foreign aid convoy arrives in capital of Ethiopia's Tigray", "In Addis Ababa, Sudan PM announces IGAD summit on Tigray crisis", "Sudanese PM visits Ethiopia to discuss Tigray fighting", "Ethiopia launches operation to disarm civilians in restive Tigray region", "PM Abiy Discusses with ENDF Senior Official in Mekelle", "Abiy mops up aftermath of Tigray conflict with visits to Mekelle, Sudan PM", "Ethiopia's war-scarred Tigray region regains some services", "Situation Report EEPA HORN No. [181][182] The money was initially intended to be delivered at the end of the year, but was delayed due to EU concerns over the Ethiopian government restricting humanitarian access in Tigray. It was reportedly bombed and looted by Ethiopian and Eritrean forces. [121] The TPLF leader Debretsion announced that they had recaptured the northern town of Axum from the federal government forces. The Tigray Defense Forces retook control of most of Tigray in mid-2021 and formed an alliance with the OLA in late 2021. Scrawled in red letters on the door are the words, "This is an Amhara-owned house.". ", This page was last edited on 7 November 2022, at 00:49. Violence erupted on November 4, when the Ethiopian government accused the TPLF of attacking military bases across Tigray, a charge the TPLF has denied. He added that clashes had died down since the last two days. Twenty-two others await charges in jail, a prosecutor said. [36][87], In 2018, clashes began between the Gedeo Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR), made up of mostly Gedeo people, and the Guji Zone in the Oromia region, made up of mostly Guji Oromos. [200], EEPA wrote that a witness said that ENDF had conducted the first of the Hagere Selam massacres in Hagere Salam after losing a battle. [78], The Ethiopian Government stated that Ethiopian forces had taken the town of Alamata on the southeastern tip of Tigray Region. According to a government spokesperson, Ethiopian federal forces have surrounded Mekelle at about 50 km (31 miles). Amhara leaders consider the Tekeze River a borderline between their territory and Tigray's. However, Abiy maintained that he was ready to have a dialogue with the legally recognized Tigray representatives. While Eritrea continues to deny its involvement in the conflict, the attack fuels ongoing concerns of a broader regional conflict.
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