antimony mineral uses
antimony mineral uses
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antimony mineral uses
[35] Several authorities believe antimonium is a scribal corruption of some Arabic form; Meyerhof derives it from ithmid;[36] other possibilities include athimar, the Arabic name of the metalloid, and a hypothetical as-stimmi, derived from or parallel to the Greek. China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds,[59] which react with hydrogen atoms, and probably also with oxygen atoms and OH radicals, thus inhibiting fire. Density (near r.t. ) when liquid (at m.p. ) [48], Chinese production of antimony is expected to decline in the future as mines and smelters are closed down by the government as part of pollution control. Four allotropes of antimony are known: a stable metallic form, and three metastable forms (explosive, black, and yellow). Additionally, antimony is used in a variety of military applications , including night vision goggles, . [43], In the 1990s antimony was increasingly being used in semiconductors as a dopant in n-type silicon wafers[69] for diodes, infrared detectors, and Hall-effect devices. To decrease foreign dependence, the U.S. could tap into domestic resources of antimony and build up its local supply chain. In the USA, Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Finland, Australia, Chile, Mexico References Bonewitz, R. (2012). Usages. The trifluoride SbF3 is prepared by the reaction of Sb2O3 with HF:[6]:761762. For instance, wind and solar farms might have a surplus of energy on windy or sunny days, but can fall short when the weather isnt sunny, or when the wind stops. Most abundant element used to make containers and deoderants. It is used as a hardening alloy for lead, especially storage batteries and cable sheaths. In light of that, it seems almost unbelievable that this country has allowed itself to become almost 100% dependent on imports of a metal integral to so many applications as antimony. Antimony trioxide is formed when antimony is burnt in air. [note 1][9][28][29], The metal antimony was known to German chemist Andreas Libavius in 1615 who obtained it by adding iron to a molten mixture of antimony sulfide, salt and potassium tartrate. Antimonys leading use is as a fire retardant in safety equipment and in household goods such as mattresses. Antimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state: Sb(III) and Sb(V). to form more than 100 different minerals. Besides having low therapeutic indices, the drugs have minimal penetration of the bone marrow, where some of the Leishmania amastigotes reside, and curing the disease especially the visceral form is very difficult. Midterm Elections, Mapped: The 3 Billion People Who Cant Afford a Healthy Diet, Mapped: The Worlds Billionaire Population, by Country, Charting the Relationship Between Wealth and Happiness, by Country, Visualizing the Relationship Between Cancer and Lifespan, Visualizing How COVID-19 Antiviral Pills and Vaccines Work at the Cellular Level, Mapped: The Most Common Illicit Drugs in the World, The Top 10 EV Battery Manufacturers in 2022, Visualizing the Range of Electric Cars vs. Gas-Powered Cars. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable 123Sb tend to decay by + decay, and those that are heavier tend to decay by decay, with some exceptions. Rocks and minerals. Noteworthy localities include the Black Forest and Harz Mountains of Germany; Pribam, Bohemia, Czech Republic; and Pezinok, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia. Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2021 . No, really, it could have. To make this test: Transfer to a flat stick of charcoal a little of the mineral to be tested for antimony. According to the National Bureau of Statistics in China, by September 2015 50% of antimony production capacity in the Hunan province (the province with biggest antimony reserves in China) had not been used. It is thought that this produced metallic antimony. Pure Antimony is used when manufacturing certain semiconductors such as infrared detectors and diodes It is used to increase its durability and harden lead Batteries use Antimony for its smooth functioning Also, it is used to make small arms & bullets In addition, antimony, as an SB element, is an excellent flame retardant. This graphic from Perpetua Resources provides an overview of antimonys key uses, and the critical role it plays in the movement towards clean energy, among other uses. [79][80] Antimony sulfides help to stabilize the friction coefficient in automotive brake pad materials. Made with antimony. native metal) and that "the antimony objects from Transcaucasia are all small personal ornaments. Antimony forms two series of halides: SbX3 and SbX5. Our Recommended Book Selection at Amazon.com, Financial Donations and Collection Acquisitions. It has a variety of uses and is found in everything from household items to military-grade equipment. The bulk of secondary antimony is recovered at lead smelters from lead-acid batteries. "[22], The Roman scholar Pliny the Elder described several ways of preparing antimony sulfide for medical purposes in his treatise Natural History, around 77 AD. The trichloride SbCl3 is prepared by dissolving Sb2S3 in hydrochloric acid: The pentahalides SbF5 and SbCl5 have trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry in the gas phase, but in the liquid phase, SbF5 is polymeric, whereas SbCl5 is monomeric. [17] Several thioantimonides are known, such as [Sb6S10]2 and [Sb8S13]2.[18]. Antimony melts at 630C and boils at 1380C. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in leadacid batteries. Molten SbF3 is a weak electrical conductor. [6]:760 The alkali metal and zinc antimonides, such as Na3Sb and Zn3Sb2, are more reactive. Uncharacteristically for metals, it is brittle and conducts heat and electricity poorly. In the near future, antimony demand could soar as a result of its critical role in clean energy storageand domestic production via the Stibnite-Yellow Pine Mining district could play a key role in meeting this rising demand. Pliny also gives the names stimi, larbaris, alabaster, and the "very common" platyophthalmos, "wide-eye" (from the effect of the cosmetic). Vitamin B3 deficiency - Lack of energy, diarrhea, insomnia, headaches or migraines, poor memory, anxiety or tension, depression . The mineral with the highest Sb content in a chemical compound is the natural antimony arsenic alloy Paradocrasit (max 92%). "Basilius Valentinus." National Center for Biotechnology Information. Antimony can usually be detected by the dense, white fumes given off and the heavy, white coating formed near the mineral when it is heated on charcoal with the blowpipe. [23], With the advent of challenges to phlogiston theory, it was recognized that antimony is an element forming sulfides, oxides, and other compounds, as do other metals. Antimony. Antimony is added to fireworks to create glitter effects. It is used for currency, jewelry, plumbing and to conduct electricity. In the 1950s, the emitters and collectors of n-p-n alloy junction transistors were doped with tiny beads of a lead-antimony alloy. [37][38], The standard chemical symbol for antimony (Sb) is credited to Jns Jakob Berzelius, who derived the abbreviation from stibium.[39]. Those 300 to 700 foot-tall windmills that sporadically produce electricity? As tensions between the U.S. and China continue rising, so do concerns about the ultimate source of that supply. Designated as one of the 35 critical minerals antimony is a very important mineral. China is the world's leading producer of antimony (around 84%). A rare explosive form of antimony can be formed from the electrolysis of antimony trichloride. Antimony-based drugs, such as meglumine antimoniate, are also considered the drugs of choice for treatment of leishmaniasis in domestic animals. The element imparts strength hardness and corrosion resistance to alloys that are used in many areas of industry including in leadacid storage batteries. What is the Cost of Europes Energy Crisis? Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lower-grade ores are concentrated by froth flotation, while higher-grade ores are heated to 500600C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the gangue minerals. Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. and other uses. Oxyhalides are more common for antimony than for arsenic and phosphorus. The ancient words for antimony mostly have, as their chief meaning, kohl, the sulfide of antimony. This is a BETA experience. As can still be seen in a late nineteenth-centruy French apothecary bottle, it is a reddish brown powder. Antimony is an important mineral commodity used widely in modern industrialized societies. Discovered in the late 1800's, aluminum has changed the way we live. It was subsequently replaced by praziquantel. Proudly Built By Vivid Marketing And Design LLC, Privacy Policy Terms And Conditions, World Production & Reserves of Antimony 2017, Antimony Gold, Silver, Zeolite Production. It was purported to be written by a Benedictine monk, writing under the name Basilius Valentinus in the 15th century; if it were authentic, which it is not, it would predate Biringuccio. Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan province has the largest deposits in China with an estimated deposit of 2.1 million metric tons. Now, consider this: There can be no energy transition without adequate supplies of antimony. However, these effects are only observed with female rats and after long-term exposure to high dust concentrations. Antimony dust may also be explosive when dispersed in the air; when in a bulk solid it is not combustible. USES Stibnite is the most important ore of the element antimony, and is an industrially important mineral. Antimony chlorides are corrosive to skin. For this reason, it is useful industrially: It is mixed with other metals when a consistent size is required through large temperature ranges - mostly in anti-friction bearings. For example, consider its usage in the high-tech sector, where it is a key ingredient in semi-conductors, circuit boards, electric switches, fluorescent lighting, high quality clear glass and lithium-ion batteries. This site is the largest reserve in the nation and is expected to supply roughly 35% of U.S. antimony demand on average for the first six years of production. It is unclear if antimony can enter the body through the skin. Mid-15th Century. . [13] The +5 oxidation state is more stable. Antimony's importance dates to WWII when its flame and heat resistant properties elevated this metalloid to hero status. Antimony forms a highly useful alloy with lead, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength. Although Tesla CEO Elon Musk touts his companys lithium-ion technology as that key, Ecclestone disagrees, mainly because lithium-ion batteries rapidly lose their charge, especially in unusually cold or hot temperatures. It could be reused by others after ingestion and elimination.[78]. [83][84] The emitted neutrons have an average energy of 24keV. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron. [32][bettersourceneeded] However, the low toxicity of antimony (see below) makes this unlikely. Elemental antimony is a brittle, silver-white, shiny metalloid. A hydrated potassium antimonyl tartrate called "tartar emetic" is currently used in medicine as an expectorant, diaphoretic, and emetic. Prior to the buildup to the War, the United States was almost entirely dependent on China for its supply of antimony. The Egyptians called antimony mdmt;[40][41] in hieroglyphs, the vowels are uncertain, but the Coptic form of the word is (stm). After the lead-acid storage battery was developed at mid- It has also been used to reduce swelling and water retention. For oral absorption, ICRP (1994) has recommended values of 10% for tartar emetic and 1% for all other antimony compounds. Given all the ongoing hype about renewable energy, electric vehicles and the seeming urgency around moving to them in the coming few decades, this seems a very odd way to manage such a massive envisioned energy transition. If that goal is to ever truly become reality in the U.S., the country must find a way to secure adequate supplies of these minerals by exploiting its own domestic reserves of them. It is a substance that was known in the ancient world. National Library of Medicine. Steven Lewis. What is Antimony Antimony is a naturally occurring metal often used in combination with lead and zinc, found in metal alloys, paints, ceramics, and fireworks. [92] Effects may be similar to arsenic poisoning. No hi-definition TVs. Feldspar. Other uses include ball bearings and mixing with alloys with percentages ranging from 1 to 20 greatly increasing the hardness and mechanical strength of the lead. Later Latin authors[who?] This relatively close packing leads to a high density of 6.697g/cm3, but the weak bonding between the layers leads to the low hardness and brittleness of antimony. This frozen firework of a mineral was found in the Lushi . [8][9][10], Elemental antimony adopts a layered structure (space group R3m No. In the United States, the leading uses of antimony were as follows: flame retardants, 42%; metal products, including antimonial lead and ammunition, 36%; and nonmetal products, including ceramics and glass and rubber products, 22%. Key Theme For COP27: How To Get The World To Spend $65 Trillion To Stop Climate Change? Native antimony is very often associated with stibarsen and native arsenic. Biology and medicine have few uses for antimony. Antimony is used in bullets, bullet tracers, paint, glass art, and as an opacifier in enamel. Used as a hardening alloy for lead, especially storage batteries and cable sheaths; also used in bearing metal, type metal, solder, collapsible tubes and foil, sheet adapted the word to Latin as stibium. Copyright 1997 - 2022 Hershel Friedman and Minerals.net, all rights reserved. [7] Antimony is resistant to attack by acids. Copper: This site talks about its properties, uses and makeup. In its purest forms, antimony is used in semiconductor technology, infrared detectors and diodes (two-terminal semiconductors that primarily conduct current in one direction only). A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Cleavage is rarely seen since crystals are so uncommon. ATO's use as a fire retardant also accounts for about one third of global antimony use. Rarely found in its native metallic form, it is primarily extracted from the sulfide mineral stibnite. Antimony forms antimonides with metals, such as indium antimonide (InSb) and silver antimonide (Ag3Sb). 166) whose layers consist of fused, ruffled, six-membered rings. Liquid metal batteries are able to hold the charge put into them over much longer periods of time and are far less impacted by severe temperatures. [16]:122 Antimonic acid exists only as the hydrate HSb(OH)6, forming salts as the antimonate anion Sb(OH)6. Antimony compounds are used in some drugs and veterinary medications. Antimony is a native element that can occur in a natural state, but it is rarely, We strive for accurate content and locality information. The world's largest antimony producers, according to Roskill, are listed below: For antimony-importing regions such as Europe and the U.S., antimony is considered to be a critical mineral for industrial manufacturing that is at risk of supply chain disruption. What is Antimony Used for Today Modern uses of Antimony also take advantage of its hardening effect in alloys. [88], Antimony is incompatible with strong acids, halogenated acids, and oxidizers; when exposed to newly formed hydrogen it may form stibine (SbH3). As you can see from the chart below, that does not include anticipated increased domestic antimony demand from the development of next-generation battery technology. [34], The early uses of antimonium include the translations, in 10501100, by Constantine the African of Arabic medical treatises. The recipes in the encyclopedias show that mineral kermes was one of the most important medical materials that could be created through chemically treating antimony. (Photo by Universal History Archive/UIG/Getty Images). [68] The third application is pigments. The element imparts strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance to alloys that are used in many areas of industry, including in lead-acid storage batteries. The Arabic word for the substance, as opposed to the cosmetic, can appear as ithmid, athmoud, othmod, or uthmod. Potential supply of U.S. annual consumption from the Stibnite mine. The Greek word, (stimmi) is used by Attic tragic poets of the 5th century BC, and is possibly a loan word from Arabic or from Egyptian stm. Antimony-124 is used together with beryllium in neutron sources; the gamma rays emitted by antimony-124 initiate the photodisintegration of beryllium. Antimony is used in antifriction alloys (such as Babbitt metal),[63] in bullets and lead shot, electrical cable sheathing, type metal (for example, for linotype printing machines[64]), solder (some "lead-free" solders contain 5% Sb),[65] in pewter,[66] and in hardening alloys with low tin content in the manufacturing of organ pipes. Silvery-white, shiny, very brittle metal that is a semiconductor and resistant to acids. Antimony trisulfide occurs in nature as the mineral stibnite. [6] Antimony pentoxide (Sb4O10) can be formed only by oxidation with concentrated nitric acid. [21], An artifact, said to be part of a vase, made of antimony dating to about 3000 BC was found at Telloh, Chaldea (part of present-day Iraq), and a copper object plated with antimony dating between 2500 BC and 2200 BC has been found in Egypt. The nearest and next-nearest neighbors form an irregular octahedral complex, with the three atoms in each double layer slightly closer than the three atoms in the next. Other antimony-bearing minerals include sibiconite, tetrahedrite and ullmannite. Because stibine has a positive heat of formation, it is thermodynamically unstable and thus antimony does not react with hydrogen directly.[13]. [12] Even though this element is not abundant, it is found in more than 100 mineral species. The only major antimony deposit in North America is located in the Stibnite-Yellow Pine Mining District of central Idaho. Antimony Facts Antimony's periodic symbol comes from Jons Jacob Berzelius, who used the abbreviation for stibium. [6]:763 Transition metal antimonites are also known. [95], This article is about the element. Elschenbroich, C. "Organometallics" (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. The popular etymology, from anti-monachos or French antimoine, still has adherents; this would mean "monk-killer", and is explained by many early alchemists being monks, and antimony being poisonous. How do you identify antimony? When scratched with a sharp implement, an exothermic reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony forms; when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar, a strong detonation occurs. The effects are hypothesized to be attributed to inhalation of poorly soluble Sb particles leading to impaired lung clearance, lung overload, inflammation and ultimately tumour formation, not to exposure to antimony ions (OECD, 2008). In addition, antimony trioxide is potentially carcinogenic to humans. U.S. Army; Sgt. Antimony (Sb) is a silvery-white, lustrous, crystalline solid. [77] Elemental antimony as an antimony pill was once used as a medicine. Antimony trichloride is used in the manufacturing flame-proofing compounds as well as paints, ceramic enamels, glass and pottery. Antimony is an element found in the earth's crust. By the 1500s, antimony was reportedly being added to alloys used to produce church bells because it resulted in a pleasant tone when . [23], Antimony was frequently described in alchemical manuscripts, including the Summa Perfectionis of Pseudo-Geber, written around the 14th century. [23], The first discovery of naturally occurring pure antimony in the Earth's crust was described by the Swedish scientist and local mine district engineer Anton von Swab in 1783; the type-sample was collected from the Sala Silver Mine in the Bergslagen mining district of Sala, Vstmanland, Sweden.[30][31]. Antimony is a metalloid element, or a semimetal, its chemical behavior being between those of metals and nonmetals. Distribution Numerous localities. Because of this, mass storage of renewable energy is key, in order to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy. Three other applications consume nearly all the rest of the world's supply. As of 2020, the leading uses of antimony in the United States were in flame retardants, lead-acid batteries, as a key alloying materiafor strl ength (e.g., shielding materials), and antifriction alloys. To this day, antimony is used right across the board in the defence industry for military applications. Especially due to an environmental protection law having gone into effect in January 2015[49] and revised "Emission Standards of Pollutants for Stanum, Antimony, and Mercury" having gone into effect, hurdles for economic production are higher. Associated with other antimony minerals, as the products of its decomposition, and with galena, cinnabar, sphalerite, barite, realgar, orpiment, and gold. Antimony(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Sb 2 O 3.It is the most important commercial compound of antimony.It is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite. Whether you are separating bauxite or minerals from beach sand, a solution can be found . Since the bulk of primary production is in China, where labor is plentiful and cheap, surprisingly, hand sorting still finds a large application. Beryllium. Native element used to make medicine, glass, and fireworks. Thanks to its fire-retardant properties, antimony is used in nearly all plastics and paints, and its anti-corrosion properties strengthen everything from batteries and wind turbines to ships. [20] A large variety of compounds are known with both Sb(III) and Sb(V) centers, including mixed chloro-organic derivatives, anions, and cations. Black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of antimony vapor. [93] Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiac arrhythmias. Also the most important mineral of VA. Copper. Where antimony is concerned, Perpetua Resources at least has a plan to make a good start. Following the War, output from the Stibnite mine gradually declined, and its operations were shut down entirely in 1997. These percentages could increase should Perpetua discover additional reserves of gold and antimony as it goes through the mining process, a prospect the company considers to be entirely likely. [88], Certain compounds of antimony appear to be toxic, particularly antimony trioxide and antimony potassium tartrate. Antimony compounds are used to make flame-retardant materials, paints, enamels, glass and pottery. more common ones, . The yellow allotrope of antimony is the most unstable; it has been generated only by oxidation of stibine (SbH3) at 90C. Antimony is also used in medicinal research, and is used as a dye to color glass. (1997). In other minor uses, antimony oxides are used as white pigments in paints, Medicinally, it has been used to reduce fever and cool the body. [11], The abundance of antimony in the Earth's crust is estimated to be 0.2 to 0.5 parts per million, comparable to thallium at 0.5 parts per million and silver at 0.07 ppm. However, recent innovation has found a new use for antimonyit now plays an essential role in large-scale renewable energy storage, which is critical to the clean energy movement. When that supply was cut off by Japan, America had to find another source of this key mineral. No significant antimony deposits in China have been developed for about ten years, and the remaining economic reserves are being rapidly depleted.[51]. Its made with antimony. The origin of this is uncertain; all suggestions have some difficulty either of form or interpretation. London: DK Publishing. Critical mineral antimony global supply sources. [74] Antimony compounds are used as antiprotozoan drugs. This helps to explain a recent spike in the price for the metal, which has doubled over the last 6 months. The medieval Latin form, from which the modern languages and late Byzantine Greek take their names for antimony, is antimonium. Mainly used is the sulphide mineral Stibnit Sb2S3 (Grauspieglanz) with a maximum content of 71,7% Sb. [6]:761 SbF5 is a powerful Lewis acid used to make the superacid fluoroantimonic acid ("H2SbF7"). Stibnite also forms some of the most exceptional crystal formations of all minerals, and large and well crystallized are highly sought after and appreciated by mineral collectors. [8] Austen, at a lecture by Herbert Gladstone in 1892, commented that "we only know of antimony at the present day as a highly brittle and crystalline metal, which could hardly be fashioned into a useful vase, and therefore this remarkable 'find' (artifact mentioned above) must represent the lost art of rendering antimony malleable. [43] Another is as a fining agent to remove microscopic bubbles in glass, mostly for TV screens[67] antimony ions interact with oxygen, suppressing the tendency of the latter to form bubbles. The most stable of these is 120m1Sb with a half-life of 5.76days. Antimony is used as a flame re- Antimony salts are used in the rubber and textile industries, in medicines and glassmaking. Transparent or opaque? Is this page helpful? [45][46] Antimony is isolated from the oxide by a carbothermal reduction:[43][45], The lower-grade ores are reduced in blast furnaces while the higher-grade ores are reduced in reverberatory furnaces. Antimony A native element; antimony metal is extracted from stibnite ore and other minerals. It has a variety of uses and is found in everything from household items to military-grade equipment. The U.S. military uses antimony for flame retardant fabrics, communication equipment, night vision goggles, ammunition, laser sighting, and a wide array of other equipment. Later Greeks also used stibi, as did Celsus and Pliny, writing in Latin, in the first century AD. This article was originally published by Stockhead. You can also find tin antimony solder. Rarely found in its native metallic form, it is primarily extracted from the sulfide mineral stibnite. 1. There are two primary antimony supply issues with which sovereign nations must be concerned. When slowly cooled, molten antimony crystallizes into a trigonal cell, isomorphic with the gray allotrope of arsenic. (Sb 2 S 3) and other antimony minerals (Roberts et al., 1974). It is also used as a catalyst to produce polyester, and is found in plastics used for disposable beverage bottles. So far 264 antimony minerals are known (as of: 2010). [14] In the gas phase, the molecule of the compound is Sb4O6, but it polymerizes upon condensing. 1,1 - basal. [86] The practice is still seen in Yemen and in other Muslim countries.[87]. Antimony is useful against bloodworms, kills the Parasites and can be used as a skin softener. Because it conducts heat poorly, its used as a flame retardant in industrial uniforms, equipment, and even childrens clothing. Antimony oxide is also used as a color fastener in paint, as a catalyst for production of polyester resins for fibers and film, as a catalyst for production of polyethylene pthalate in plastic bottles, as a phosphorescent agent in fluorescent light bulbs, and as an opacifier for porcelains. Antimony in the environment. If someone asked you to name the first mineral that came to mind, odds are, it wouldn't be antimony. The U.S. was 100 percent import reliant for its aluminum in 2012. Following the War, output from the Stibnite mine gradually declined, and its operations were shut . One of the antimony's earliest metallic uses came in the mid-15th century when it was added as a hardening agent in cast metal printing type used by Johannes Gutenberg's first printing presses. [6]:758. Treatments containing antimony, known as antimonials, are used as emetics. ), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. PubChem . Antimony is an important mineral commodity used widely in modern industrialized societies and considered by many nations to be a Critical Resource Mineral because of its applications in aerospace and defense. More than 100 minerals of antimony are found in nature. It is used as a fining agent to remove bubbles from glass, especially in TV and laptop screens. [25] A description of a procedure for isolating antimony is later given in the 1540 book De la pirotechnia by Vannoccio Biringuccio,[26] predating the more famous 1556 book by Agricola, De re metallica. they are grey and opaque to our eyes, they are actually transparent to infra-red light. The Stibnite mine ended up producing fully 90% of America's demand for antimony for the duration of the War and was key to producing 40% of the tungsten steel needed for the military effort. Over a hundred minerals of antimony are found in nature. Antimony trioxide dissolves in concentrated acid to form oxoantimonyl compounds such as SbOCl and (SbO)2SO4. Antimony compounds are used as catalysts for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production. Bauxite - Bauxite is the mineral ore of aluminum which is used in the manufacture of cans, airplanes, sporting and electronic equipment and home appliances. Domestic production would not only allow the U.S. to reduce its import reliance, but it would also create jobs, providing economic support for the local community.
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