shewanella biochemical reactions
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shewanella biochemical reactions
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shewanella biochemical reactions
11, no. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. P.-Y. K. A. Weber, L. A. Achenbach, and J. D. Coates, Microorganisms pumping iron: anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and reduction, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. [6] Wang W, Wang J, Yan R, et al. In addition, sea water was the predominant source of contamination and some cases were without disease symptoms. The ability of S. oneidensis to reduce oxidized metals or nitrate effectively has been identified as an important intrinsic activity of Shewanella species [5962]. Ornithine-decarboxylase-positive. 10, pp. Positive reactions (API systems) in S. algae strains were seen for gelatinase (gelatin); however, negative reactions were found for indole production (tryptophan). 5, pp. The majority of food infections have been related to the biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens in the food industry. Z. Han, J. 356362, 2017. A) Arrow indicates affected area. 6, pp. Many oxygenase and reductase reactions may be involved in metal ion facilitation in bacteria [58]. B. F. Vogel, K. Jrgensen, H. Christensen, J. E. Olsen, and L. Gram, Differentiation of Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella alga on the basis of whole-cell protein profiles, ribotyping, phenotypic characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 7, pp. and transmitted securely. It has the ability to reduce uranium and plutonium by reducing soluble forms to insoluble forms [7]. A total of 109 samples were collected. 1,2 This pathogen has a potential to live in freshwater habitation. The growth of the isolates was routinely assessed indirectly by measuring the turbidity (OD600nm) using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Tecan infinite 200, Switzerland). B. K. Kim, S.-Y. Orange-yellow or pink colonies on marine agar (BD) were identified as Gram-negative by Gram staining. Urease-positive. Contact: rl8q@cms.mail.virginia.edu Accessibility This probably explains why reports of S. algae infection are more common in warm water areas or tropical regions during the summer than in cold-water environments [8]. 9, pp. 3, pp. To identify the isolates of Shewanella spp. [11] Ogi, Takashi, et al. 1, pp. S. algae is a facultative anaerobe, and has the ability to use metallic cations as electron acceptors in the electron transport chain if oxygen is not available[11]. Our results are also consistent with epidemiologic studies in Denmark [28] and Taiwan [25], which showed the infection rates of S. algae were correlated with temperature fluctuation. 3, no. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that iron promoted Te(IV) reduction led to form exclusively extracellular crystalline Te(0) nanorods, as compared to the mostly intracellular . The isolates were then grown in an overnight marine broth and the turbidity diluted to match a 0.5 MacFarland standard prior to inoculation at different temperatures (24hrs7 days). 1, pp. Researcher Profile. 237258, 2007. 229, no. Here we report a structural and biochemical characterization of a bifunctional enzyme from Shewanella denitificans thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-Fuc3NAc. 362368, 2010. 28, no. The site is secure. Recovery of indium from aqueous solutions by the Gram-negative bacterium Shewanella algae. 443449, 2003. In a defined medium, the effect of C02 and acetate on reactions (2) and (3) were investigated separately. Epub 2014 Jan 6. This indicates that infection may be maintained by the same isolate. Swelling and tenderness were, MeSH With multi-drug resistance on the rise and the lack of large-scale systemic studies, we describe a case of bacteremia caused by this rare organism. 894901, 2007. Volume 153:1872-1883. J. P. S. Cabral, Water microbiology. M. Hu, C. Zhang, Y. Mu, Q. Shen, and Y. Feng, Indole Affects biofilm formation in bacteria, Indian Journal of Microbiology, vol. Tests also showed hydrolysis of gelatin, and decarboxylation of ornithine[6]. The aquaculture samples were placed in sterile plastic bags, and water samples were collected in transportation tubes. Shu-Ying Tseng wrote the manuscript. Shewanella algae, which is the most common human clinical isolate, was believed to be a strain of Shewanella putrefaciens by some authors, and was later grouped as a separate and distinct entity. . J. M. Janda, Shewanella: a marine pathogen as an emerging cause of human disease, Clinical Microbiology Newsletter, vol. However, to date, there are few detailed data on S. algae with respect to its biochemical profiles and sources of infection in aquaculture. 4, pp. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2017 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA) and analyzed. [Opportunistic infections caused by Shewanella, new emergent bacteria]. Assessment of biochemical features included measurement of oxidase, hydrogen sulfide, and indole production. Surprisingly, S. algae was also found in fresh water and nonmarine environments, and thus did not appear to require Na+, as shown in Table 3. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without bacteraemia. It has also been shown to be able to reduce nitrite. From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Shewanella_algae&oldid=83144, Pages edited by students of Jay Lennon at Michigan State University. In addition, the locations with the greatest prevalence of Shewanella algae in water samples were commercial aquaculture farms on the west coast, with an isolation rate of 37.5% (3/8), followed by fish markets in fishing ports on the east coast, with a rate of 26.7% (4/15) (Table 2). 63, no. Shewanella putrefaciens play a predominant role in food spoilage processes, mainly correlated with spoilage of frozen fish and meat products. The isolates were identified to species level by 16S rDNA sequence nucleotide sequence analyses. H. Larsen, Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms-an overview and historical perspective, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 2014 May 1;9(5):e96001. Simulation with the estimated parameters indicates that the model captures the experimental data quite well. are exposed to anoxic conditions [45, 46]. 50, no. In light of these questions, we conducted a study to analyze aquaculture and diverse water sources in order to determine the distribution of S. algae. Guo F, Liang Q, Zhang M, Chen W, Chen H, Yun Y, Zhong Q, Chen W. Molecules. Pseudomonas putrefaciens was classified in 1985 and finally known as Shewanella putrefaciens. International journal of systematic bacteriology, Genetic and phenotypic studies on the strains biochemically identified as Shewanella putrefaciens, which had a G+C content ranging from 52 to 54 mol% were conducted. 1, pp. We found no significant difference between the two group ( and ). 2, pp. L. Gram, A. Bundvad, J. Melchiorsen, C. Johansen, and B. F. Vogel, Occurrence of Shewanella algae in Danish coastal water and effects of water temperature and culture conditions on its survival, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. There has been a rising number of disease cases attributed to S. algae in the last decade, thanks to correct classification. Both components of the course are equally important in providing knowledge and actual laboratory experience to the participant. KEY BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS Oxidase-negative. Case Report: Shewanella Algae Pneumonia and Bacteremia in an Elderly Male Living at a Long-Term Care Facility. The growth curves of S. algae under different temperature are shown in Figure 2. 11, no. Liu, C.-F. Lin, K.-C. Tung et al., Clinical and microbiological features of Shewanella Bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary disease, Internal Medicine, vol. M. Iwata, K. Tateda, T. Matsumoto, N. Furuya, S. Mizuiri, and K. Yamaguchi, Primary Shewanella alga Septicemia in a Patient on Hemodialysis, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Therefore, the aim of this work was to study in vitro the biochemical reactions involving the TMAO-reduction by Shewanella baltica and the in fluence of acetate and C02 on this reaction. Abstract and Figures In recent years, Shewanella putrefaciens, commonly known as a halophilic bacteria, has been associated with serious health disorders in freshwater fish. Biochemical function and ecological significance of novel bacterial lipids in . Page authored by Hannah Merrill and Deonte Swift, students of Prof. Jay Lennon at Michigan State University. 29, no. Second, the lack of discrimination by the API systems for Shewanella bacteria is understandable since the isolates show diverse results in biochemical testing. eCollection 2022 Jul. MeSH 431435, 2012. Moreover, the majority of S. algae isolates assimilated capric acid and malic acid. Three distinct species were initially recognized by MacDonell and Colwell. Bacteria are widely distributed in nature, mainly in marine environment. In contrast, there was no obvious hemolysis on the first day of incubation at 25C; however, it was clearly evident on the second day. Include growth conditions (temperature and salinity tolerance) and biochemical features (oxidase, hydrogen sulfide, and indole production; carbohydrate and fatty acids utilization; and hemolytic activity). This could explain the apparent inconsistencies among several experimental observations. Reports of infections with this opportunistic pathogen in humans are rare, although they are on the rise. Infect Drug Resist. A. Martins et al., Photoprotective bioactivity present in a unique marine bacteria collection from Portuguese deep sea hydrothermal vents, Marine Drugs, vol. Compared with the 25C group, only 50% hemolysis occurred after 72 hours. 36, no. Based on the growth curves in our study, S. algae adapt to a wide range of temperatures, with optimal growth temperatures ranging at room temperature; under experimental conditions, the optimal temperatures for bacterial growth were 25C and 37C (Table 3). 9, no. Electron microscopy of S. algae revealed extensive capsular fringes on the cell surface, which may play a part in the ability of S. algae to adhere to mineral surfaces. S. algae could be tolerant to bile salts and may produce tetrodotoxin [42], exoenzymes, or siderophores [8], which are considered virulence factors. Biochemical and biophysical research communications October 24, . S. algae is frequently found in the marine environment and is widely distributed in nature. In view of this, we searched for articles on relevant cases in the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the following terms: Aquaculture disease or Aquaculture products or Environment in conjunction with Shewanella algae or Shewanella alga. The collected studies included research articles and case reports, as well as retrospective and series studies. The gene encoding a bacterial type 1 RNase H, termed RBD-RNase HI, was cloned from the psychrotrophic bacterium Shewanella sp. G. Liu, J. Zhou, X. Meng et al., Decolorization of azo dyes by marine Shewanella strains under saline conditions, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. In addition, the results of indole production were all negative for S. algae isolates. 505508, 2006. In many reports of human infection with S. algae, the patient had a previous history of hepatobiliary disease or hemochromatosis and had recently consumed raw seafood [25, 28]. SIB1, overproduced in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein wa. possess a number of mechanisms to assimilate carbohydrates from the environment. In the present paper, we summarize the various systems that serve to branch the respiratory chain of S. oneidensis MR-1 in order that electrons from quinol oxidation can be delivered the various terminal electron acceptors able to . in oysters and seawater from the Delaware Bay, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. The .gov means its official. 21892199, 1997. In general, S. algae can be considered an opportunistic pathogen in humans exposed to a marine environment when it infects people via an existing soft tissue ulcer [1522]. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. It was identified as Shewanella putrefaciens by the automatic identification systems using Vitek II (bioMerieux, Marcy-L'Etoile, France) and API 20NE (bioMerieux) with a probability of identification of 99.9%. Other factors, such as the type and number. 2022 Aug 23;79(10):297. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-02978-3. A total of 109 samples (water isolates () and aquaculture isolates () collected from 2012 to 2013 were investigated in this study (Figure 1). 2529, 2014. It is a rare human pathogen and symptoms of infection are often misidentified as Vibrio spp. Isolation of Shewanella algae from rectal swabs of patients with bloody diarrhoea. We previously reported that a substantial number of S. algae strains were capable of growing on sheep blood agar. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Worldwide, Shewanella putrefaciens is the predominant seafood spoilage microorganism during cold storage. Guo XL, Wang DC, Zhang YM, Wang XM, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Zhang DM, Kan B, Wei L, Gao Y. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. Essential for the anaerobic respiratory flexibility of shewanellae, CymA transfers electrons from menaquinol to various dedicated systems for the reduction of terminal electron acceptors including fumarate and insoluble minerals of Fe(III). Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics. 1 Shewanella putrefaciens belongs to Shewanellaceae family. The reaction mix was put through the following temperatures with an initial denaturation for 1min at 94C, 1min at 55C, and 5min at 72C, for 30 cycles. 1999. 8, pp. Reference sequences utilized in phylogenetic analysis were retrieved from NCBIs GenBank database. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2006. 3, pp. The Basic Microbiology Curriculum: Biochemicals and Gram-Negative Organisms ID Course is a blended learning activity that includes both eLearning and handson laboratory exercises. 89, no. 1, pp. One hundred and fifty-nine Gram-negative strains isolated from refrigerated fish, taken from the Baltic Sea or Swedish inland waters, together with 32 reference strains of Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Shewanella species are distributed ubiquitously in the soil and water, being common in the marine habitat. B. Mansuetus, and A. T. Tiruneh, Germicidal action of some metals/metal ions in combating E. coli bacteria in relation to their electro-chemical properties, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, vol. Shewanella spp. Furthermore, iron (Fe) serves as a terminal electron acceptor when Shewanella spp. PMC Reports of infection with S. algae species in human cases are increasing, especially during the summer months and in tropical areas, such as India, China, and Taiwan [1114]. Clinical Infect. 2015;9:1620. -. 3 The directly attached . Diversity of Shewanella population in fish Sparus aurata harvested in the Aegean Sea. Emerging infections: shewanella - a series of five cases. are commonly found in marine environments and are believed to be halophilic bacteria [47, 48]. Volume 1. On the basis of a bioinformatics analysis, the enzyme, hereafter referred to as FdtD, has been postulated to catalyze the third and fifth steps in the pathway, namely a 3 . 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